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Campagna (
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
: ) is a small town and ''
comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' of the
province of Salerno The Province of Salerno ( it, Provincia di Salerno) is a province in the Campania region of Italy. __TOC__ Geography The largest towns in the province are: Salerno, the capital, which has a population of 131,950; Cava de' Tirreni, Battipagli ...
, in the
Campania Campania (, also , , , ) is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the i ...
region of
Southern Italy Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...
. Its population is 17,148. Its old Latin name was Civitas Campaniae (City of Campagna). Campagna is located in one of the valleys of the
Picentini Mountains 300px, Rocky limestone landscape in the monti Picentini. The Monti Picentini is a mountain range and national park in southern Italy, part of the Apennines, traditionally part in the Campanian Apennines. They are included between the Monti Latt ...
, at an altitude of 270 meters above sea level.


History

The first records of the area date back to the ninth century in the Lombard period. The position of the town was strategic for enemies attacks during the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
. Lately, the town became an important cultural and religious center. It was the seat of bishops until 1973, when the
Diocese of Campagna The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campagna was twice been a Latin suffragan bishopric with see in Campagna, a town in the Salerno province of Campania region, southern Italy. Its former cathedral episcopal see is now a co-cathedral: the Minor basilic ...
merged with the
Archdiocese of Salerno The Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno ( la, Archidioecesis Salernitana-Campaniensis-Acernensis) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy, created in 1986. The historic Archdiocese of Salerno was in existence f ...
. During the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Campagna was a temporary home for many Jews thanks to
Giovanni Palatucci Giovanni Palatucci (31 May 1909 – 10 February 1945) was an Italian police official who was long believed to have saved thousands of Jews in Fiume between 1939 and 1944 (current Rijeka in Croatia) from being deported to Nazi extermination camps. ...
and his uncle
Giuseppe Maria Palatucci Giuseppe is the Italian form of the given name Joseph, from Latin Iōsēphus from Ancient Greek Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph), from Hebrew יוסף. It is the most common name in Italy and is unique (97%) to it. The feminine form of the name is Giuse ...
. People arrived from the north of Italy and Campagna citizens hid those people in the basements of the churches. Giovanni Palatucci was later honoured as a
Righteous Among the Nations Righteous Among the Nations ( he, חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, ; "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to sav ...
by the
Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
Memorial. Much of this is documented in
Elizabeth Bettina Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...
's book, ''
It Happened in Italy It or IT may refer to: * It (pronoun), in English * Information technology Arts and media Film and television * ''It'' (1927 film), a film starring Clara Bow * '' It! The Terror from Beyond Space'', a 1958 science fiction film * ''It!'' (1967 ...
''. Today, goods left by the Jews are shown in the Museo della Memoria in the town centre.


Geography

Campagna borders with
Acerno Acerno, is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the region of Campania in south-western Italy. Geography Acerno is a large village located 40 km north-east of the provincial capital of Salerno at 727 metres above sea level in ...
,
Contursi Terme Contursi Terme ( Contursano: ) is a village and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Early history No secure identification of Contursi Terme, where ancient remains confirm a settlement at the conf ...
,
Eboli Eboli ( Ebolitano: ) is a town and ''comune'' of Campania, southern Italy, in the province of Salerno. An agricultural centre, Eboli is known mainly for olive oil and for its dairy products, among which the famous buffalo mozzarella from the ...
,
Olevano sul Tusciano Olevano sul Tusciano is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Main sights *Roman villa of S. Maria a Corte *Castrum Olibani, a Lombard castle. During the rule of Frederick of Hohens ...
,
Oliveto Citra Oliveto Citra (Campanian: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is located by road northeast of Salerno. As of 2016, the comune had 3,802 inhabitants and covered an area of . His ...
,
Postiglione Postiglione (Neapolitan language, Campanian: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Geography Located in Cilento, below the Alburni mountains, borders with the municipalities of Altavi ...
, Serre and
Senerchia Senerchia (Sinerchia in the local dialect) is an Italian municipality with 1370 registered voters, but only 1036 inhabitants, in the Province of Avellino, located in the upper valley of the Sele River in Campania. It was the site of the defeat o ...
(this one in the
Province of Avellino The Province of Avellino ( it, Provincia di Avellino) is a province in the Campania region of Southern Italy. The area is characterized by numerous small towns and villages scattered across the province; only two towns have a population over 20,0 ...
), The municipality counts the ''
frazioni A ''frazione'' (plural: ) is a type of subdivision of a ''comune'' (municipality) in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town. Most ''frazioni'' were created during the Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist era (1922–1943) as ...
'' of
Camaldoli Camaldoli () is a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Poppi, in Tuscany, Italy. It is mostly known as the ancestral seat of the Camaldolese monastic order, originated in the eponymous hermitage, which can still be visited. The name was derived from ...
, Galdo, Mattinelle,
Puglietta Puglietta is a hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Campagna in the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. History Geography The village is situated in a hill zone in the central side of the municipality, between the hamlets of Quadrivio and Se ...
,
Quadrivio Quadrivio is a hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Campagna in the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. With a population of 5,352 it is the most populated settlement in its municipality. History The locality, originally named Starza, due to i ...
,
Romandola-Madonna del Ponte Romandola-Madonna del Ponte (suddenly known simply as Romandola) is a hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Campagna in the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. History Geography The village is situated in a hill zone in the central-eastern si ...
,
Santa Maria La Nova Santa Maria la Nova is a Renaissance architecture, Renaissance style, now-deconsecrated, Roman Catholic church and monastery in central Naples. The church is located at the beginning of a side street directly across from the east side of the ma ...
and
Serradarce Serradarce is a hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of Campagna in the Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy. History Geography The village is situated in a hill zone in the eastern side of the municipality, on a road linking Eboli to Contursi ...
. Other localities are Avigliano, Folcata, Oppidi-Varano, Saginara and Sant'Angelo.


Tourist destinations


Castles, palaces, fountains and bridges

*Castle Gerione (10th century) *Castle De Alegisio (10th century) *Palazzo di Città (13th century) *Palace Ducale Pironti (1694) *Palazzo Tercasio (14th century) *Palazzo dei Governatori dei Principi di Monaco (15th century) *Palazzo Rivelli (14th century-17th century) *Palazzo Pastore-Alinante (16th century) *Palazzo Bernalla (14th century) *Palazzo Trotta (16th century) *Fountain Giudeca (15th century) *Fountain S.Lucia (15th century) *Fountain Cortiglia (15th century) *Bridge of Presbyteres (15th century) *Bridge of
piazza A town square (or square, plaza, public square, city square, urban square, or ''piazza'') is an open public space, commonly found in the heart of a traditional town but not necessarily a true geometric square, used for community gatherings. ...
Guerriero (15th century)


Churches, religious buildings and structures

*Basilica co-cathedral of Santa Maria della Pace (1112-1683) *Church and convent Dominican of San Bartolomeo (14th century) *Shrine of Madonna di Avigliano (1377) *Church of SS. Annunziata (13th century) *Church of SS Salvatore e Sant'Antonino (11th century) *Church of S.Giovanni (16th century) *Seminary di S. Spirito (15th century) *Monastery of Maddalena (14th century) *Church and convent of Osservanti della Concezione (15th century) *Abbey of Santa Maria La Nova (1220–1249) *Monastery of San Martino (16th century) *Hermitage of S.Erasmo e S.Giacomo degli eremiti (11th century) *Hermitage of San Michele di Montenero (12th century) *Hermitage of S. Maria Domenica (16th century)


Museums

*Itinerario della Memoria e della Pace *Museo della confraternita dei cinturati di Santa Maria del Soccorso


Nature reserve

*Oasi naturale del Monte Polveracchio *Oasi di Persano *Riserva naturale Foce Sele-Tanagro


Notable people

* Antoninus of Sorrento, catholic saint born at Campagna *
Honoré I, Lord of Monaco Honoré I or Onorato I (16 December 1522 – 7 October 1581) was Lord of Monaco from 22 August 1523 to 7 October 1581. Life Honoré was the youngest child of Lucien Grimaldi (1487–1523) and Jeanne de Pontevès-Cabanes. He became Lord of Monac ...
, Marquis of Campagna *
Charles II, Lord of Monaco Charles II (26 January 1555 – 17 May 1589) was Lord of Monaco from 7 October 1581 to 17 May 1589. Charles was the eldest son of Honoré I (1522–1581) and Isabella Grimaldi (died 1583). He became Lord of Monaco on the death of his father i ...
, Marquis of Campagna * Hercule, Lord of Monaco, Marquis of Campagna *
Honoré II, Prince of Monaco Honoré II (24 December 1597 – 10 January 1662) was Prince of Monaco from 1604 to 1662. He was the first to be called Prince (in 1612), but started his reign as Lord of Monaco. Early life Honoré II was born on 24 December 1597. He was the s ...
, Marquis of Campagna *
Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz, 23 May 1606 in Madrid — 7 or 8 September 1682 in Vigevano) was a Spanish Catholic scholastic philosopher, ecclesiastic, mathematician and writer. He is believed to be a great-grandson of J ...
, bishop of Campagna *
Louis I, Prince of Monaco Louis I (25 July 1642, in Prince's Palace of Monaco – 3 January 1701, in Rome) was Prince of Monaco from 1662 until 1701. Louis Grimaldi was the elder son of Prince Hercule of Monaco and Maria Aurelia Spinola. Louis married Catherine Charlot ...
, Marquis of Campagna *
Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno (; ; la, Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; born Filippo Bruno, January or February 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian philosopher, mathematician, poet, cosmological theorist, and Hermetic occultist. He is known for his cosmologic ...
, philosopher Dominican friar * Giulio Cesare Capaccio, historian of Campagna *, noble of Campagna


A' Chiena

Campagna is famous for its traditional summer event ‘A Chiena’ ( it, La Piena), which takes place annually every weekend between July and August. During the event, the city river
Tenza Tenza () is a town and municipality in the subregion of the Eastern Boyacá Province of the Colombian department Boyacá. Tenza borders La Capilla and Pachavita in the north, in the east the department of Cundinamarca, in the south with Sutate ...
is deflected from its natural course through the city main street where people wait for the water to come. This tradition comes from the ancient practice of cleaning the streets by using the river water. Later, it was converted into a delightful moment for locals and tourists.


I Fucanoli

I Fucanoli is festival in honour of Sant'Antonio, taking place on the 17th of January. The celebrations begin in the late afternoon with a service followed by a procession whereby the Sant'Antonio statue is carried in the streets of the city centre. While the statue is carried through the streets, huge fires are ignited.


Sister city

Monte Carlo Monte Carlo (; ; french: Monte-Carlo , or colloquially ''Monte-Carl'' ; lij, Munte Carlu ; ) is officially an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is ...
in the
Principality of Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria ...
is Campagna's
sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inter ...
.


References


External links

*
Comuni italiani: Campagna
{{authority control Cities and towns in Campania Localities of Cilento